理解fork

fog posted @ 2008年8月13日 04:47 in 技术相关 with tags linux Coding , 1986 阅读

今天因为给mini_httpd添加一个功能,用mmap给父子进程创建共享空间,又顺便复习了下fork。

fork的关键在于调用一次,返回两次。这里说的返回两次从字面上讲可能比较难于理解,但如果知道了fork在内核里的实现机制就很容易搞懂了。

简单来讲,执行fork调用后,内核将在原有进程(父进程)的基础上拷贝一份,生成一个新的进程(子进程)。这个新进程将完全拷贝父进程的数据空间,堆,栈,缓冲区(如printf)。父子进程只共享正文(代码)段。

这里需要注意的是子进程继承父进程后信号量的处理方式。当一个进程调用fork时,因为子进程在开始时复制父进程的存储映像,信号捕捉函数的地址在子进程中是有意义的,所以子进程继承父进程的信号处理方式。特殊的是exec,因为exec运行新的程序后会覆盖从父进程继承来的存储映像,那么信号捕捉函数在新程序中已无意义,所以exec会将原先设置为要捕捉的信号都更改为默认动作。

fork在父进程中返回子进程的pid,在子进程中则返回为0。

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